Acne commonly called pimples is one of the ten most common diseases worldwide estimated to affect 9.4% of the global population.
Acne has a prolonged course with periods of flares and temporary recovery that is why is it a chronic disease. In view of this, acne has social and psychological consequences that can negatively impact the quality of life in those affected.
Acne which was considered a temporary disease of puberty now starts earlier and lasts longer. It can affect all age groups including neonates but is more prevalent and severe in adolescents.
There are four main factors that can cause acne;
- Excess oil (sebum) production
- Hair follicles blocked due to accumulation of dead skin cells and oil
- Bacteria
- Inflammation
Acne appears in areas that have oil (sebaceous) glands such as the face, chest, shoulders and upper back. They can appear as;
- White heads (closed plugged pores)
- Black heads (open plugged pores)
- Pimples (raised red spots with a white center)
- Nodules (large, painful, lumps under the skin)
- Cysts (large, painful, lumps filled with pus under the skin)
Acne can be triggered or worsened by certain factors such as;
- Hormonal changes
- Diet
- Certain medications
- Stress
The risk factors associated with developing acne;
- Family history (if one or both parents had acne, there is a higher risk of developing acne).
- Hormonal changes (as experienced during puberty and pregnancy)
- Friction on the skin
- Oily substances which can clog the hair follicles.
The treatment of acne targets oil reduction, bacterial infection and swelling. There are several prescription medications available but the treatment regimen recommended by your doctor will depend on your age, type and severity of acne. Medications may be topical, oral or other forms of therapies
When not treated adequately and on time, acne can result in scars. It therefore important you consult a dermatologist to help you control your acne and avoid scarring.